喷涂技术，在革新光学镜片

[bingsze]

科技日报讯 据物理学家组织网近日报道，加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚大学（UBC）的工程师联合美国研究团队利用喷涂技术，在革新光学镜片的制造和使用方式上取得了突破性进展。此项关于平面镜头的研究成果发表在近日《自然》杂志上。

目前，无论是人眼中还是摄像头或显微镜中的几乎所有透镜都是弯曲的，从而限制了光圈（或光线进入量）。平面镜头的想法可追溯到上世纪60年代，当时俄罗斯物理学家曾提出过此方面的理论。但是，科学家一直以来都无法找到制作此类平面透镜的天然材料。

经过多年的研究和反复试验，UBC工程学院助理教授肯尼斯·周领导的研究小组发现了一种利用喷涂材料充当平面镜头的简易方法。他们开发出一种物质，并喷涂于载玻片表面，即可将其变成可用于生物标本紫外光成像的平面镜头。

周教授解释说，弯曲镜头总是具有有限的光圈，有了平面镜片，人们就可制作出具有任意光圈大小（可大如一个足球场）的镜头。喷涂式平面镜头技术是目前为止对平面镜头原始理论最为接近的验证，工艺简单且具有成本效益。该镜头还可改变相机和扫描仪等成像设备的设计方式。（冯卫东）

本篇文章来源于 科技网|www.stdaily.com
原文链接：http://www.stdaily.com/stdaily/content/ ... 608124.htm

[鄧登凳]

有關文章: T. Xu, A. Agrawal, M. Abashin, K.J. Chau and H.J. Lezec. All-angle negative refraction and active flat lensing of ultraviolet light. Nature. 497, 470–474.

似乎這種做法只適用於平面波(plane wave)的單色(monochromatic)光源, 即一般是用鐳射作為光源。天文上似乎用處不大。

[Chanlunlun]

.....人们就可制作出具有任意光圈大小（可大如一个足球场）的镜头 ............

I don't understand - 光圈 doesn't mean size.

A microscope objective lens has a 光圈 much bigger than the biggest refractor in the world. But a microscope objective is as small as a peanut while the Yerkes refractor is as big as a building.

[bingsze]

我估係以訛傳訛，大陸甚至國外的報館，一般都沒有天文知識，傳發了就算數，所以口徑、光圈、快門亂套一通，就算覺得有問題，也發了就算。

其實我也好不了多少，在我轉發之前都覺得光圈是不對的，但因趕去上堂，也是轉發了就算！

[鄧登凳]

I don't understand - 光圈 doesn't mean size.

A microscope objective lens has a 光圈 much bigger than the biggest refractor in the world. But a microscope objective is as small as a peanut while the Yerkes refractor is as big as a building.

Dear god of mirror,

It was a translation problem. The original word is aperture, which just means the diameter of the hole (assuming circular in shape). Applied to optics/telescopes, it means the diameter of the lens/mirror. This is the meaning when we say "aperture is king" The strict Chinese translation should be "口徑". This translation should have been adopted.

However, photographers often use the term to talk about focal ratio which is focal length / aperture. In old days, the focal lengths of camera lenses were mostly fixed, so the f-ratio depended on the size of the hole only. Thus aperture has traditionally be used for f-ratio figure. (Although it seems illogical to say 2.8 is larger than 4). In photography, aperture is translated as 光圈。

With words having multiple meanings, it is not rare that newspapers adopted the translation of the wrong meaning.

Regards,
Tang